ÇKKV Metodolojisi ile İnsani Yardım Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Karşılaşılan Zorlukların Analizi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17238290Anahtar Kelimeler:
İnsani Yardım Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi, ÇKKV, SWARA.Özet
İnsani yardım tedarik zinciri, 2004 yılında meydana gelen Asya tsunamisinden sonraki dönemde akademi ve profesyoneller için önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. 2004 yılında Hint Okyanusu'ndaki tsunami felaketinden sonra, aşırı miktarda yardım malzemesi etkilenen bölgelerdeki havaalanlarını ve depoları tıkamış ve insani yardım sağlayan kuruluşlar, gerekli malzemeleri ayırmak ve bunları zamanında ve ekonomik bir şekilde dağıtmak için çok çabalamak zorunda kalmıştır. İnsani tedarik zinciri yönetimi araştırmasının temel motivasyonu, kriz veya afetler sırasında ve sonrasında hayatları korumaya, acıları hafifletmeye sağladığı önemli katkılardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada günümüzde popüler bir konu olan İnsani Yardım Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde karşılaşılan zorlukların analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu zorlukların belirlenmesi sonucunda, afet müdahalesinde etkinlik, kaynakların doğru tahsisi ve yardımların zamanında ulaştırılması açısından verimlilik artışı sağlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın veri seti 2025 yılında farklı kurumlarda çalışan dört uzmanla yüz yüze görüşme şeklinde anket ile toplanmıştır. Finansman, koordinasyon (bilgi paylaşımı ve iletişim), altyapı imkanları, şeffaflık, lojistik faaliyetler, sürdürülebilirlik, nüfus yoğunluğu, coğrafi kapsam, güvenlik riskleri ve erişilebilirlik olmak üzere 10 kriter kullanılmıştır. Kriterlerin önem düzeyleri, güncel bir yöntem olan çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemi SWARA kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda en önemli kriterler sırasıyla finansman, koordinasyon (bilgi paylaşımı ve iletişim), altyapı imkanları, lojistik faaliyetler, erişilebilirlik, güvenlik riskleri, şeffaflık, sürdürülebilirlik, coğrafi kapsam ve nüfus yoğunluğu olarak belirlenmiştir.
Referanslar
Abidi, H., De Leeuw, S., & Klumpp, M. (2014). Humanitarian supply chain performance management: a systematic literature review. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(5/6), 592-608. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-09-2013-0349.
Agarwal, S., Kant, R., & Shankar, R. (2019). Humanitarian supply chain management frameworks: A critical literature review and framework for future development. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(6), 1749-1780. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-08-2018-0245.
Ager, J., Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E., & Ager, A. (2015). Local faith communities and the promotion of resilience in contexts of humanitarian crisis. Journal of Refugee Studies, 28(2), 202-221. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fev001.
Akkihal, A. R. (2006). Inventory pre-positioning for humanitarian operations (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582.
Altay, N., & Green III, W. G. (2006). OR/MS research in disaster operations management. European Journal of Operational Research, 175(1), 475-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.05.016.
Anjomshoae, A., Banomyong, R., Hossein Azadnia, A., Kunz, N., & Blome, C. (2025). Sustainable humanitarian supply chains: A systematic literature review and research propositions. Production Planning & Control, 36(3), 357-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2023.2273451.
Balcik, B., & Beamon, B. M. (2008). Facility location in humanitarian relief. International Journal of Logistics, 11(2), 101-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675560701561789.
Balcik, B., Beamon, B. M., Krejci, C. C., Muramatsu, K. M., & Ramirez, M. (2010). Coordination in humanitarian relief chains: Practices, challenges and opportunities. International Journal Of Production Economics, 126(1), 22-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.09.008.
Banomyong, R., Varadejsatitwong, P., & Oloruntoba, R. (2019). A systematic review of humanitarian operations, humanitarian logistics and humanitarian supply chain performance literature 2005 to 2016. Annals of Operations Research, 283(1), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2549-5.
Beamon, B. M., & Kotleba, S. A. (2006). Inventory modelling for complex emergencies in humanitarian relief operations. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 9(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675560500453667.
Behl, A., & Dutta, P. (2019). Humanitarian supply chain management: a thematic literature review and future directions of research. Annals of Operations Research, 283(1), 1001-1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10479-018-2806-2.
Behzadian, M., Otaghsara, S. K., Yazdani, M., & Ignatius, J. (2012). A state-of the-art survey of TOPSIS applications. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(17), 13051-13069. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.eswa.2012.05.056.
Blanco, E. E., & Goentzel, J. (2006). Humanitarian supply chains: A review. MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics, POMS.
Blecken, A., Hellingrath, B., Dangelmaier, W., & Schulz, S. F. (2009). A humanitarian supply chain process reference model. International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 12(4), 391-413. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTM.2009.025815.
Brauers, W. K., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2006). The MOORA method and its application to privatization in a transition economy. Control and Cybernetics, 35(2), 445-469.
Bretschneider, S., & Kimms, A. (2011). A basic mathematical model for evacuation problems in urban areas. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 45(6), 523-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tra.2011.03.008.
Brooks, S. K., Dunn, R., Sage, C. A., Amlôt, R., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2015). Risk and resilience factors affecting the psychological wellbeing of individuals deployed in humanitarian relief roles after a disaster. Journal of Mental Health, 24(6), 385-413. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2015.1057334.
Burkart, C., Besiou, M., & Wakolbinger, T. (2016). The funding-humanitarian supply chain interface. Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science, 21(2), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sorms.2016.10.003.
Chakraborty, S. (2011). Applications of the MOORA method for decision making in manufacturing environment. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 54(9), 1155-1166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2972-0.
Chakraborty, S., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2014). Applications of WASPAS method in manufacturing decision making. Informatica, 25(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3233/INF-2014-25(1)01.
Chang, B., Chang, C. W., & Wu, C. H. (2011). Fuzzy DEMATEL method for developing supplier selection criteria. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), 1850-1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.eswa.2010.07.114.
Chen, J., Liang, L., & Yao, D. Q. (2017). Pre-positioning of relief inventories for non-profit organizations: A newsvendor approach. Annals of Operations Research, 259(1), 35-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2521-4.
Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J., Sobreiro, V. A., Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, A. B., de Souza Campos, L. M., Mariano, E. B., & Renwick, D. W. S. (2019). An analysis of the literature on humanitarian logistics and supply chain management: Paving the way for future studies. Annals of Operations Research, 283(1), 289-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2536-x.
Chopra, S., & Sodhi, M. (2014). Reducing the risk of supply chain disruptions. MIT Sloan Management Review, 55(3), 73-80.
Cozzolino, A. (2012). Humanitarian logistics and supply chain management. In Humanitarian logistics: Cross-sector cooperation in disaster relief management, 5-16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30186-5_2.
Cozzolino, A. (2012). Humanitarian logistics: Cross-sector cooperation in disaster relief management. Springer Science & Business Media.
Davidson, A. L. (2006). Key performance indicators in humanitarian logistics (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582.
Day, J. M. (2014). Fostering emergent resilience: The complex adaptive supply network of disaster relief. International Journal of Production Research, 52(7), 1970-1988. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00207543.2013.787496.
Diakoulaki, D., Mavrotas, G., & Papayannakis, L. (1995). Determining objective weights in multiple criteria problems: The critic method. Computers & Operations Research, 22(7), 763-770. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0305-0548(94)00059-H.
Figueira, J. R., Mousseau, V., & Roy, B. (2005). ELECTRE methods. In Multiple criteria decision analysis: State of the art surveys, 155-185. New York, NY: Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3094-4_5.
Gabler, C. B., Richey Jr, R. G., & Stewart, G. T. (2017). Disaster resilience through public–private short‐term collaboration. Journal of Business Logistics, 38(2), 130-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12152.
Gardner, T. A., Benzie, M., Börner, J., Dawkins, E., Fick, S., Garrett, R., & Wolvekamp, P. (2019). Transparency and sustainability in global commodity supply chains. World Development, 121, 163-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.025.
Gazi, K. H., Biswas, A., Basuri, T., Ghosh, A., & Mondal, S. P. (2025). Finding Humanitarian Supply Chain Management Challenges using Uncertain MCDM Methodology. Spectrum of Mechanical Engineering and Operational Research, 2(1), 248-279. https://doi.org/10.31181/smeor21202548.
Gupta, S., Altay, N., & Luo, Z. (2019). Big data in humanitarian supply chain management: A review and further research directions. Annals of Operations Research, 283(1), 1153-1173. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10479-017-2671-4.
Gupta, S., & Palsule-Desai, O. D. (2011). Sustainable supply chain management: Review and research opportunities. IIMB Management Review, 23(4), 234-245.
Habib, M. S., Lee, Y. H., & Memon, M. S. (2016). Mathematical models in humanitarian supply chain management: A systematic literature review. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016(1), 3212095. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3212095.
Ho, W. R. J., Tsai, C. L., Tzeng, G. H., & Fang, S. K. (2011). Combined DEMATEL technique with a novel MCDM model for exploring portfolio selection based on CAPM. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.05.058.
Jahre, M. (2017). Humanitarian supply chain strategies–a review of how actors mitigate supply chain risks. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 7(2), 82-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHLSCM-12-2016-0043.
John, L., & Ramesh, A. (2012). Humanitarian supply chain management in India: A SAP‐LAP framework. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 9(2), 217-235. https://doi.org/10.1108/09727981211271968.
John, L., Ramesh, A., & Sridharan, R. (2012). Humanitarian supply chain management: A critical review. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 13(4), 498-524. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSOM.2012.050143.
Kabra, G., Ramesh, A., & Arshinder, K. (2015). Identification and prioritization of coordination barriers in humanitarian supply chain management. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 13, 128-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.01.011.
Kent, R. C. (2004). International humanitarian crises: Two decades before and two decades beyond. International Affairs, 80(5), 851-869. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2004.00422.x.
Kim, H., Park, J., Yoo, J., & Kim, T. W. (2015). Assessment of drought hazard, vulnerability, and risk: A case study for administrative districts in South Korea. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 9(1), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2013.07.003.
Kongsomsaksakul, S., Yang, C., & Chen, A. (2005). Shelter location-allocation model for flood evacuation planning. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 6, 4237-4252. https://doi.org/10.11175/easts.6.4237.
Kovács, G., & Spens, K. M. (2007). Humanitarian logistics in disaster relief operations. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 37(2), 99-114. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 09600030710734820.
Kovács, G., & Spens, K. (2008). Humanitarian logistics revisited. Northern Lights in Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 217-232.
Kunz, N., & Gold, S. (2017). Sustainable humanitarian supply chain management–exploring new theory. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 20(2), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2015.1103845.
Kunz, N., & Reiner, G. (2012). A meta‐analysis of humanitarian logistics research. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2(2), 116-147. https://doi.org/10.1108/20426741211260723.
Leiras, A., de Brito Jr, I., Queiroz Peres, E., Rejane Bertazzo, T., & Tsugunobu Yoshida Yoshizaki, H. (2014). Literature review of humanitarian logistics research: trends and challenges. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 4(1), 95-130. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHLSCM-04-2012-0008.
Lensing, R. P. (2003). Historical events and supply chain disruption: Chemical, biological, radiological and cyber events (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). http://dspace.mit.edu/ handle/1721.1/7582.
Li, C., Zhang, F., Cao, C., Liu, Y., & Qu, T. (2019). Organizational coordination in sustainable humanitarian supply chain: An evolutionary game approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 219, 291-303.
Mardani, A., Jusoh, A., Nor, K., Khalifah, Z., Zakwan, N., & Valipour, A. (2015). Multiple criteria decision-making techniques and their applications – A review of the literature from 2000 to 2014. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 28(1), 516–571.
Mete, H. O., & Zabinsky, Z. B. (2010). Stochastic optimization of medical supply location and distribution in disaster management. International Journal of Production Economics, 126(1), 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.10.004.
Momena, A. F., Gazi, K. H., Rahaman, M., Sobczak, A., Salahshour, S., Mondal, S. P., & Ghosh, A. (2024). Ranking and challenges of supply chain companies using MCDM methodology. Logistics, 8(3), 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8030087.
Najafi, M., Eshghi, K., & Dullaert, W. (2013). A multi-objective robust optimization model for logistics planning in the earthquake response phase. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 49(1), 217-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2012.09.001.
Natarajan, K. V., & Swaminathan, J. M. (2014). Inventory management in humanitarian operations: Impact of amount, schedule, and uncertainty in funding. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 16(4), 595-603. https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2014.0497.
Natarajarathinam, M., Capar, I., & Narayanan, A. (2009). Managing supply chains in times of crisis: a review of literature and insights. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 39(7), 535-573. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030910996251.
Oloruntoba, R., & Gray, R. (2006). Humanitarian aid: an agile supply chain? Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 11(2), 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540610652492.
Opricovic, S., & Tzeng, G. H. (2004). Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS. European Journal of Operational Research, 156(2), 445-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00020-1.
Opricovic, S., & Tzeng, G. H. (2007). Extended VIKOR method in comparison with outranking methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 178(2), 514-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor. 2006.01.020.
Ozbay, K., & Ozguven, E. E. (2007). Stochastic humanitarian inventory control model for disaster planning. Transportation Research Record, 2022(1), 63-75. https://doi.org/10.3141/2022-08.
Özdamar, L., & Demir, O. (2012). A hierarchical clustering and routing procedure for large scale disaster relief logistics planning. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 48(3), 591-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2011.11.003.
Paciarotti, C., Piotrowicz, W. D., & Fenton, G. (2021). Humanitarian logistics and supply chain standards. Literature review and view from practice. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 11(3), 550-573. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHLSCM-11-2020-0101.
Papadopoulos, T., Gunasekaran, A., Dubey, R., Altay, N., Childe, S. J., & Fosso-Wamba, S. (2017). The role of Big Data in explaining disaster resilience in supply chains for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 1108-1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.059.
Paul, J. A., & MacDonald, L. (2016). Location and capacity allocations decisions to mitigate the impacts of unexpected disasters. European Journal of Operational Research, 251(1), 252-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.10.028.
Pickett, M. A. (2003). Hospital lifeline response to the 1999 Izmit Turkey earthquake. In Advancing mitigation technologies and disaster response for lifeline systems, 224-230. https://doi.org/10.1061/ 40687(2003)24.
Pochard, S. (2003). Managing risks of supply-chain disruptions: dual sourcing as a real option (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582
Rahmanov, F., Neymatova, L., Aliyeva, R., & Hashimova, A. (2022). Management of the transport infrastructure of global logistics: Cross-country analysis. Marketing i menedžment innovacij, 13(4), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.4-07.
Rawls, C. G., & Turnquist, M. A. (2012). Pre-positioning and dynamic delivery planning for short-term response following a natural disaster. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 46(1), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2011.10.002.
Richardson, D. A., De Leeuw, S., & Dullaert, W. (2016). Factors affecting global inventory prepositioning locations in humanitarian operations-A Delphi study. Journal of Business Logistics, 37(1), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12112.
Romano, P. (2003). Co-ordination and integration mechanisms to manage logistics processes across supply networks. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 9(3), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1478-4092(03)00008-6.
Sayyady, F., & Eksioglu, S. D. (2010). Optimizing the use of public transit system during no-notice evacuation of urban areas. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 59(4), 488-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cie.2010.06.001.
Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.017590.
Sahebi, I. G., Arab, A., & Moghadam, M. R. S. (2017). Analyzing the barriers to humanitarian supply chain management: A case study of the Tehran Red Crescent Societies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 24, 232-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.05.017.
Seifert, L., Kunz, N., & Gold, S. (2018). Humanitarian supply chain management responding to refugees: a literature review. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 8(3), 398-426. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHLSCM-07-2017-0029.
Scholten, K., Sharkey Scott, P., & Fynes, B. (2014). Mitigation processes–antecedents for building supply chain resilience. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(2), 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-06-2013-0191.
Shakibaei, H., Farhadi-Ramin, M. R., Alipour-Vaezi, M., Aghsami, A., & Rabbani, M. (2024). Designing a post-disaster humanitarian supply chain using machine learning and multi-criteria decision-making techniques. Kybernetes, 53(5), 1682-1709. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-10-2022-1404.
Singh, J. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., Kumar, A., & Kapoor, K. K. (2019). Event classification and location prediction from tweets during disasters. Annals of Operations Research, 283(1), 737-757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2522-3.
Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379-423. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x.
Shannon, C. E. (2001). A mathematical theory of communication. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 5(1), 3-55. https://doi.org/10.1145/584091.584093.
Stock, J. R. (1997). Applying theories from other disciplines to logistics. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 27(9/10), 515-539. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 09600039710188576.
Tatham, P. H., Spens, K. M., & Taylor, D. (2009). Development of the academic contribution to humanitarian logistics and supply chain management. Management Research News, 32(11). https://doi.org/10.1108/mrn.2009.02132kaa.001.
Tatham, P., & Houghton, L. (2011). The wicked problem of humanitarian logistics and disaster relief aid. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 1(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/20426741111122394.
Thomas, A. S., & Kopczak, L. R. (2005). From logistics to supply chain management: The path forward in the humanitarian sector. Fritz Institute, 15(1), 1-15.
Trienekens, J. H., Wognum, P. M., Beulens, A. J., & Van Der Vorst, J. G. (2012). Transparency in complex dynamic food supply chains. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 26(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2011.07.007.
Whybark, D. C., Melnyk, S. A., Day, J., & Davis, E. D. (2010). Disaster relief supply chain management: New realities, management challenges, emerging opportunities. Decision Line, 41(3), 4-7.
Wu, W. W., & Lee, Y. T. (2007). Developing global managers’ competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(2), 499-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2005.12.005.
Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2006a). Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(5), 475-489. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602125.
Van Wassenhove, L. (2006b). Blackett memorial lecturet humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(5), 475-489.
Yadav, D. K., & Barve, A. (2015). Analysis of critical success factors of humanitarian supply chain: An application of Interpretive Structural Modeling. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 12, 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.01.008.
Yazdani, M., Zarate, P., Kazimieras Zavadskas, E., & Turskis, Z. (2019). A combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method for multi-criteria decision-making problems. Management Decision, 57(9), 2501-2519. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2017-0458.
Yi, W., & Özdamar, L. (2007). A dynamic logistics coordination model for evacuation and support in disaster response activities. European Journal of Operational Research, 179(3), 1177-1193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.03.077.
Yu, D., Yalcin, M. G., Özpolat, K., & Hales, D. N. (2015). Research in Humanitarian Supply Chain Management and A New Framework. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 8(15), 39-60. https://doi.org/10.17015/ejbe.2015.015.03.
Zavadskas, E. K., Kaklauskas, A., Turskis, Z., & Tamošaitiene, J. (2008). Selection of the effective dwelling house walls by applying attribute values determined at intervals. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 14(2), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.3846/1392-3730.2008.14.3.
Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2011). Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods in economics: An overview. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 17(2), 397–427.
Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Antucheviciene, J., & Zakarevicius, A. (2012). Optimization of weighted aggregated sum product assessment. Elektronika ir elektrotechnika, 122(6), 3-6. https://doi.org/ 10.5755/j01.eee.122.6.1810.
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2025 International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR)
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
